Quantifying Evolution and Selection on Complex Traits.

Ghat

Functions are provided for quantifying evolution and selection on complex traits. The package implements effective handling and analysis algorithms scaled for genome-wide data and calculates a composite statistic, denoted Ghat, which is used to test for selection on a trait. The package provides a number of simple examples for handling and analysing the genome data and visualising the output and results. Beissinger et al., (2018) doi:10.1534/genetics.118.300857

Authors

Medhat Mahmoud*, ‡,§,1, Mila Tost*,1, ‡, Ngoc-Thuy Ha †, Henner Simianer †, ‡, and Timothy Beissinger*, ‡,1

*Department of Crop Science, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

†Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

‡Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

§Creator

1Maintainer

Installation

Latest development build

To install the latest development snapshot (see latest changes below), type the following commands into the R console:

library(devtools)
devtools::install_github("Medhat86/Ghat")

Official, stable release

To install the latest stable release from CRAN, type the following command into the R console:

install.packages("Ghat")

Documentation and examples

Example-1 Both SNP effects and change in allele frequency are known

maize		<- Maize_wqs[[1]]
result.adf	<- Ghat(effects =maize[,1], change=maize[,2], method="scale",
                     perms=1000, plot="Ghat", num_eff=54.74819)
mtext(paste("WQS ADF test for selection, pval = ", round(result.adf$p.val,4)))
message (c(result.adf$Ghat , result.adf$Cor , result.adf$p.va))

Example-2 Both SNP effects and change in allele frequency are known

Step 1: Run rrBLUP and estimating allels effects

library(Ghat)
library(parallel)
library(rrBLUP)
phe                 <- Maize_wqs[[2]]
map                 <- Maize_wqs[[3]]
gen                 <- Maize_wqs[[4]]
phe                 <-phe[which(is.na(phe[,2])==FALSE),]
gen                 <-gen[which(is.na(phe[,2])==FALSE),]
result              <- mixed.solve(phe[,2],
                                   Z= as.matrix(gen[,2:ncol(gen)]),
                                   X= model.matrix(phe[,2]~phe[,3]),
                                   K=NULL, SE=FALSE, return.Hinv=FALSE,
                                   method="ML")

Step 2: Is to calculate the allele frequency at Cycle 1 and 3

CycleIndicator      <- as.numeric(unlist(strsplit(gen$X,
                       split="_C")) [seq(2,2*nrow(gen),2)])
Cycle1              <- gen[which(CycleIndicator == 1),]
Cycle3              <- gen[which(CycleIndicator == 3),]
CycleList           <- list(Cycle1,Cycle3)
frequencies         <- matrix(nrow=ncol(gen)-1,ncol=2)
for(i in 1:2){
  frequencies[,i]   <- colMeans(CycleList[[i]][,-1],na.rm=TRUE)/2
}
frequencies         <- as.data.frame(frequencies)
names(frequencies)  <- c("Cycle1","Cycle3")
change<-frequencies$Cycle3-frequencies$Cycle1

Step 3: Calculate LD Decay

ld                  <- ld_decay (gen=gen, map=map,
                                 max_win_snp=2000, max.chr=10,
                                 cores=1, max_r2=0.03)

Step 4: Calculate Ghat

Ghat.adf    <- Ghat(effects=result$u, change=change, method = "scale",
                    perms=1000,plot="Ghat", num_eff = 54.74819)

message (paste("Ghat=" , Ghat.adf$Ghat,
            "Cor="  , Ghat.adf$Cor ,
            "P-val=", Ghat.adf$p.va, sep = " "))

Please visit https://github.com/Medhat86/Ghat for documentation and examples.

Citation

• In case you want / have to cite my package, please use citation('Ghat') (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Ghat) for citation information.

• Since core functionality of package depends on the Ghat-Method, consider citing this refernce as well: "Tim Beissinger, Jochen Kruppa, David Cavero, Ngoc-Thuy Ha, Malena Erbe, Henner Simianer, A Simple Test Identifies Selection on Complex Traits, Genetics, Volume 209, Issue 1, 1 May 2018, Pages 321–333, https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.300857"