Calculate Air Travel Emissions.
footprint
The goal of footprint is to calculate carbon footprints from air travel based on IATA airport codes or latitude and longitude.
Installation
You can install the development version from GitHub with:
# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("acircleda/footprint")
Data and Methodology
Package footprint
uses the the Haversine great-circle distance formula to calculate distance between airports or distance between latitude and longitude pairs. This distance is then used to derive a carbon footprint estimate, which is based on conversion factors from the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK) 2019 Greenhouse Gas Conversion Factors for Business Travel (air): https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2019.
Example Usage
Load footprint
using
library(footprint)
Using Airport Codes
You can use pairs of three-letter IATA airport codes to calculate distance. This function uses the airportr
package, which contains the data and does the work of getting the distance between airports. Note: the airportr
package offers a number of useful functions for looking up airports by city or name and getting the IATA airport codes.
Calculating a Single Trip
The example below calculates a simple footprint estimation for an economy flight from Los Angeles International (LAX) to Heathrow (LHR). The estimate will be in CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent, including radiative forcing). The output is always in kilograms.
airport_footprint("LAX", "LHR", "Economy", "co2e")
#> [1] 1312.696
If there is a layover in Chicago, you could calculate each leg of the trip as follows:
airport_footprint("LAX", "ORD", "Economy", "co2e") +
airport_footprint("ORD", "LHR", "Economy", "co2e")
#> [1] 1387.167
Calculating More than One Trip
We can calculate the footprint for multiple itineraries at the same time and add to an existing data frame using mutate
. Here is some example data:
library(tibble)
#> Warning: package 'tibble' was built under R version 4.0.3
travel_data <- tibble(
name = c("Mike", "Will", "Elle"),
from = c("LAX", "LGA", "TYS"),
to = c("PUS", "LHR", "TPA")
)
name | from | to |
---|---|---|
Mike | LAX | PUS |
Will | LGA | LHR |
Elle | TYS | TPA |
Here is how you can take the from
and to
data and calculate emissions for each trip. The following function calculates an estimate for CO2 (carbon dioxide with radiative forcing).
name | from | to | emissions |
---|---|---|---|
Mike | LAX | PUS | 1434.663 |
Will | LGA | LHR | 825.497 |
Elle | TYS | TPA | 136.721 |
From Latitude and Longitude
If you have a list of cities, it might be easier to calculate emissions based on longitude and latitude rather than trying to locate the airports used. For example, one could take city and state data and join that with data from maps::us.cities
to quickly get latitude and longitude. They can then use the latlong_footprint()
function to easily calculate emissions based on either a single itinerary or multiple itineraries:
Calculating a Single Trip
The following example calculates the footprint of a flight from Los Angeles (34.052235, -118.243683) to Busan, South Korea (35.179554, 129.075638). It assumes an average passenger (no flightClass
argument is included) and its output will be in kilograms of CO2e (the default)
latlong_footprint(34.052235, -118.243683, 35.179554, 129.075638)
#> [1] 1881.589
Calculating Multiple Trips
You can use mutate
to calculate emissions based on a dataframe of latitude and longitude pairs.
Here is some example data:
travel_data2 <- tribble(~name, ~departure_lat, ~departure_long, ~arrival_lat, ~arrival_long,
# Los Angeles -> Busan
"Mike", 34.052235, -118.243683, 35.179554, 129.075638,
# New York -> London
"Will", 40.712776, -74.005974, 51.52, -0.10)
name | departure_lat | departure_long | arrival_lat | arrival_long |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mike | 34.05224 | -118.24368 | 35.17955 | 129.0756 |
Will | 40.71278 | -74.00597 | 51.52000 | -0.1000 |
And here is code to apply it to a dataframe:
travel_data2 %>%
rowwise() %>%
mutate(emissions = latlong_footprint(departure_lat,
departure_long,
arrival_lat,
arrival_long))
name | departure_lat | departure_long | arrival_lat | arrival_long | emissions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mike | 34.05224 | -118.24368 | 35.17955 | 129.0756 | 1881.589 |
Will | 40.71278 | -74.00597 | 51.52000 | -0.1000 | 1090.260 |