Matching Algorithms in R and C++
matchingR is an R package which quickly computes the Gale-Shapley algorithm, Irving's algorithm for the stable roommate problem, and the top trading cycle algorithm for large matching markets. The package provides functions to compute the solutions to the stable marriage problem, the college admission problem, the stable roommates problem, and the house allocation problem.
The package may be useful when the number of market participants is large or when many matchings need to be computed (e.g., for simulation or estimation purposes). It has been used in practice to compute the Gale-Shapley stable matching with 30,000 participants on each side of the market.
Matching markets are common in practice and widely studied by economists. Popular examples include
- the National Resident Matching Program which matches graduates from medical school to residency programs at teaching hospitals throughout the United States
- the matching of students to schools including the New York City High School Match or the Boston Public School Match (and many more)
- the matching of kidney donors to recipients in kidney exchanges.
Installation
matchingR may be installed from CRAN:
install.packages("matchingR")
The latest development release is available from GitHub:
devtools::install_github("jtilly/matchingR")
Examples
Gale-Shapley Algorithm for Two-Sided Markets
Stable Marriage Problem
# stable marriage problem with three men and two women
uM = matrix(c(1.0, 0.5, 0.0,
0.5, 0.0, 0.5), nrow = 2, ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE)
uW = matrix(c(0.0, 1.0,
0.5, 0.0,
1.0, 0.5), nrow = 3, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
matching = galeShapley(uM, uW)
matching$engagements
#> [,1]
#> [1,] 3
#> [2,] 1
matching$single.proposers
#> [1] 2
galeShapley.checkStability(uM, uW, matching$proposals, matching$engagements)
#> [1] TRUE
College Admissions Problem
# college admissions problem with five students and two colleges with two slots each
set.seed(1)
nStudents <- 5
nColleges <- 2
uStudents <- matrix(runif(nStudents * nColleges), nrow = nColleges, ncol = nStudents)
uStudents
#> [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
#> [1,] 0.2655087 0.5728534 0.2016819 0.9446753 0.62911404
#> [2,] 0.3721239 0.9082078 0.8983897 0.6607978 0.06178627
uColleges <- matrix(runif(nStudents * nColleges), nrow = nStudents, ncol = nColleges)
uColleges
#> [,1] [,2]
#> [1,] 0.2059746 0.4976992
#> [2,] 0.1765568 0.7176185
#> [3,] 0.6870228 0.9919061
#> [4,] 0.3841037 0.3800352
#> [5,] 0.7698414 0.7774452
matching <- galeShapley.collegeAdmissions(uStudents, uColleges, slots = c(2, 2))
matching$matched.students
#> [,1]
#> [1,] NA
#> [2,] 2
#> [3,] 2
#> [4,] 1
#> [5,] 1
matching$matched.colleges
#> [,1] [,2]
#> [1,] 5 4
#> [2,] 3 2
galeShapley.checkStability(uStudents, uColleges, matching$matched.students, matching$matched.colleges)
#> [1] TRUE
Irving's Algorithm for the Stable Roommate Problem
# stable roommate problem with four students and two rooms
set.seed(2)
n <- 4
u <- matrix(runif(n ^ 2), nrow = n, ncol = n)
u
#> [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
#> [1,] 0.1848823 0.9438393 0.4680185 0.7605133
#> [2,] 0.7023740 0.9434750 0.5499837 0.1808201
#> [3,] 0.5733263 0.1291590 0.5526741 0.4052822
#> [4,] 0.1680519 0.8334488 0.2388948 0.8535485
results <- roommate(utils = u)
results
#> [,1]
#> [1,] 2
#> [2,] 1
#> [3,] 4
#> [4,] 3
Top-Trading Cycle Algorithm
# top trading cycle algorithm with four houses
set.seed(2)
n <- 4
u <- matrix(runif(n ^ 2), nrow = n, ncol = n)
u
#> [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
#> [1,] 0.1848823 0.9438393 0.4680185 0.7605133
#> [2,] 0.7023740 0.9434750 0.5499837 0.1808201
#> [3,] 0.5733263 0.1291590 0.5526741 0.4052822
#> [4,] 0.1680519 0.8334488 0.2388948 0.8535485
results <- toptrading(utils = u)
results
#> [,1]
#> [1,] 2
#> [2,] 1
#> [3,] 3
#> [4,] 4